Economics (Answer 2 questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics (Answer 2 questions) - Essay Example For instance, the procurement price for wheat and rice rose to 170 and 240 by 1980 (taking the base at 100 in 1970). Thus, there has been a substantial rise in the procurement prices of these commodities with a view to placate the rich farmers who form one of the dominant groups. Next, the license and control mechanism called by many derisively as the â€Å"Inspector Raj† placed undue emphasis on stifling the innovative and entrepreneurial tendencies to favor the few industrial houses that controlled the economy. The resulting contraction in industrial output has been shown as a result of these policies by Bardhan. The third dominant group, the professionals have managed to retain their supremacy in knowledge and allied interests by making sure that they have high â€Å"scarcity value† in a country where the overwhelming majority are illiterate. They have done this by making sure that resources are diverted from initiatives that provide for mass education to higher education schools and colleges where the elite minority can get admission. However, it is not always the case that these dominant groups act in unison or are hand in glove with each other. There have been instances where the rich farmers have found themselves in opposition to the bureaucrats and the professional class particularly when it came to the distribution of largesse by the government in the form of subsidies and the like. Thus, there have been conditions where the dominant groups have found themselves in conflict with each other. 2) It a long held belief pioneered by Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen that social indices of development are a better guide to the overall development of an economy than purely economic indicators. This fact has been reinforced by many studies that point to the emergence of so-called â€Å"Tiger Economies† of South East Asia by investing in human and social capital. Dreze and Sen argue that even in India,

Portfolio final pram project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Portfolio final pram project - Essay Example The analysis leads me to the inference that my writing lacks a good research, analysis, and brainstorming. I was a failure in supporting it with a powerful thesis that promotes the basis for every successful essay. I personally feel that the paragraph construction of the essay was also not so accurate because, it lacked a logical development of ideas and a proper construction. Though I was aware that a good paragraph needs a topic sentence, supporting sentences and a concluding sentence, I could not maintain these features when I completed this essay. Here one topic directly jumps to another without much description or logical conclusion. The essay began as a review of the given article but ended as a study analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of Social Networking. The lack of a good research was the grave issue I felt with my less successful essay. If I had engaged in brainstorming, I could have used more key words for searching the topic on internet and thus find out valuable sources that help support the study. I should also comprehend that only a good research leads to a good analysis and findings. A well organized introduction that ends in a thesis statement has an elite role in creating a successful essay. I have to keep in mind the fact that ‘well begun is half done.’ Also, I forgot the lesson that one should never end a paragraph with a quotation. The comparison of the less successful essay with the successful one helps me to explore certain other factors also with regard to writing. My successful essay, ‘Memories of Mother Day’ has a logical sequence of facts which I developed after brainstorming. It also has well structured paragraphs beginning with topic sentences, supporting sentences and a very logical conclusion. The usage of language was the other issue that attracted my close attention to my two essays. I am quite sure that language has a decisive role in the

Users select their destinations

Users select their destinations GROUP ASSIGNMENT PART Study the following case study and answer all the tasks listed. An automated ticket-issuing system sells rail tickets as you find in London underground and over ground railway stations. Users select their destinations and can be pay cash the exact amount or input a credit card and a personal identification number (PIN). The rail ticket is issued and their credit card account charged if the ticket was bought using a credit card. When the user presses the start button, a menu display of potential destinations is activated, along with a message to the user to select a destination. Once a destination has been selected, users are requested to pay cash or input their credit card. In the last case, its validity is checked and the user is then requested to input a personal identifier. When the credit transaction has been validated, the ticket is issued. ambiguities or omissions in the above scenario An automatic ticket issuing system sells rail tickets. Users select their destination, and input a credit card and a personal identification number. The rail ticket is issued and their credit card account charged with its cost. When the user presses the start button, a menu display of potential destinations is activated along with a message to the user to select a destination. Once a destination has been selected, users are requested to input their credit card. Its validity is checked and the user is then requested to input a personal identifier. When the credit transaction has been validated, the ticket is issued. Ambiguities and omissions include: Can a customer buy several tickets for the same destination together or must they be bought one at a time? Can customers cancel a request if a mistake has been made? How should the system respond if an invalid card is input? What happens if customers try to put their card in before selecting a destination (as they would in ATM machines)? Must the user press the start button again if they wish to buy another ticket to a different destination? Should the system only sell tickets between the station where the machine is situated and direct connections or should it include all possible destinations? What type of input device (touch screen vs. keyboard)? Ticket prices Room on train (assumes tickets have times on them) Train departure and arrival times. Do customers buy tickets for a specific train? Or for any trip along the route? (If the latter, then no way to tell if all the seats on a train are sold out, nor can you do seat assignments.) Seat assignments (see above) Print receipt? identified ambiguities in some appropriate way. Function Give customer a rail ticket, and charge credit account or take cash from customer and give the customer, a rail ticket. Description Determine customers destination, calculate the charge for the trip, and charge the customer the appropriate amount. If charge is complete, print the ticket, otherwise, print no ticket, and report error to customer. Inputs Destination, credit card number and PIN. Outputs Tickets, error messages Action Ask the customer for their destination, when input, calculate the total, and prompt to insert a credit card, prompt customer for PIN, prompt customer that the transaction is taking place, if successful print the ticket and return to start state, if unsuccessful, ask customer to swipe their card again and re-input the PIN. If unsuccessful again, prompt that the transaction has failed, and return to start state. Requires Destination, credit card number and PIN Pre-condition None Post-condition None Side effects Charge to the customers credit account user requirements definitions The user requirements for a system should describe the functional and nonfunctional requirements so that they are understandable by system users without any technical knowledge. When we write the user requirement we should not write with technical forms, table or diagrams. We should write in simple language with simple table, forms and diagrams. The actors in the system are the passenger, the counter clerk and the reservation system consisting of form processing, reservation, fare computation, ticket processing, ticket printing, collection of fare amount and posting as sub-systems. The passenger is a passive user-actor who initiates the process and obtains the ticket(s), a goal of measurable value. The counter clerk is an active user-actor, who triggers the system and has the role of issuing the tickets with the responsibility of collecting the correct fare amount from the passenger, which is a measurable value. Predesigned and deployed ticket reservation system at the back end is a system actor-user to ensure that ticket processing is done correctly and different system statuses are updated on issuing of tickets. This actor has an active role and responsibility at the back end. system requirements specifications System requirements Specifications are specified using the standard way of these forms. Function: Issuing Ticket Description: Issuing the ticket when the user select their desired tickets and make the correct payment. Inputs: Destination, child or Adult ,Pay by card or cash Output: Their desired ticket to be issued with their payment receipt Requires : Money Pre- Condition: Ticket will be validate between the user current place and the selected destination, Otherwise user will have to pay the penalty fare. a sequence diagram Scenario 1 This diagram shows about the user wants their ticket from the machine. It shows the interaction between user and ticket machine where user puts the requirement to the machine and the machine gives options back to the user. Scenario 2 This diagram shows the user chose the station and the machine give option back to user needs to choose from following option for e.g return ticket which class user wants to travel. After selecting options the user needs to pay for payment machine give option for eg cash or card. If the user choose card the ticket machine need to validate from card user. Scenario 3 This diagram represents a sequence activity when user buy a ticket using credit or debit card. When the user insert the card. The card is validated with the card issuer the validation of the card is returned to machine which then displays the result to the user. If the card is valid then the user need to enter the pin. The validity of the pin is checked. If the pin is wrong user need to try again. Once completed the user account is credited and the ticket along with the receipt to the user. Non-functional requirements The ticket system shall respond to user inputs to provide tickets and charge accounts in a timely manner. The system shall continue to function so long as roll of ticket paper is in the machine, and a network connection is provided for the destination database and credit transactions. Upon receipt of the destination from the user, the database shall be accessed to determine the distance from the units location, to the desired destination, and calculate the appropriate fee. The unit shall then prompt the user to input their card information, and the unit shall verify that the card is a credit card, is valid, and has sufficient credit to be charged. Upon successful verification, the unit shall print a ticket, and return to its ready state, for the next transaction to take place. The reliability this system relies on the durability of the physical user interface, the network connection in the area the system is placed, the size of the ticket rolls that the unit can accept, and the mecha nism for dispensing the tickets. The estimated time for a complete transaction would be about thirty seconds, giving twenty for the user interactions, five for validation and verification of the users account, and five for printing and dispensing the ticket. Use-cases Requirements validation process. Customer inserts her credit card into the ticket machine. card provider checks the card number. Then the machine asks for the pin-code. User enters the pin-code. Then the ticket machine requests database to validate the credit card. Ticket on processes. customer can use the ticket finaly. A semantic data model Impact if when the customer pays cash As the sequence diagram shows, the customer goes to ticket machine, and he is allowed to not have axact amount, the machine will confirm the amount, go through the check process and issues the ticket with receipt. References and Bibliography: Sommerville (2007), Computer Information Technology in Processors, 8th Edition, www.pearsoned.co.uk, Use Diagram (2010) Unified Approach and Unified Modeling Language. [Online].Available from: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0070583714/214723/144USECASEDIAGRAM.pdf [Accessed 13 Feb 2010]

Low Self Esteem Essay -- essays research papers

Languages, colors, cultures and also the way one behaves may differ from one nation to another. Yet, each and every one of us living on the surface of this planet have several things in common. One of these similarities is that we all have a way of regarding our own self. It is believed that a large amount of individuals feel very good about themselves. Nevertheless, from time to time even the best of us get a dose of negative emotions. Very heartbreaking stories about self dislike were told by many depressed teenagers and older people. What are the causes of this kind of low self esteem and how can one person get solutions to outcome them? Self Esteem is defined as confidence in your own merit as an individual#. Such concepts as self-esteem and self-image have been regarded by some social psychologists as useful, while others have regarded them as unnecessary. There is a considerable amount of research on such topics but it would be very difficult to find the exact definition because volumes have been written about self esteem. Definitions given in self esteem literature run a yard long. But after cutting through all the scientific words, the question of self-esteem really centers down to something quite simple: How do a person feels about his/herself? If the person feels good about him/herself, they have a high self-esteem. If they feel bad about him/herself, they have a low self esteem. Since low self esteem is a worst problem than the higher one, let’s examine it to find some solution by investigating a number of low self esteem causes and personal cases. Individuals with truly high self esteem feel good about themselves and continue believing in themselves regardless of what others think of them. Some people feel good about themselves only as long as others support them and approve them. The moment another person criticizes them, or withdraws her or his support from them, they not only feel bad about themselves, they may even hate themselves. That would be the first step into low self-esteem. When a person acts like that, li... ...they often approach suicide more determinedly than the young and carry it out with a terrible efficiency. "Not only is suicide significantly more prevalent among older persons, but the suicidal act itself reflects important differences between old and young," notes Dr. Hendin, in his book Suicide in America. "In particular, the ratio of attempted to actual suicides shifts quite markedly among older persons. Among the population as a whole, the ratio of attempted suicides to actual suicides has been estimated to be 10 to 1; among the young (15-24), it has been estimated to be 100 to 1; and among those over 55, it has been estimated to be 1 to 1." Self dislike, depression loneliness and suicide have a very great role in one person’s self esteem. Although the above statistics made it seem to be impossible to overcome these feelings, the research hopefully gave us all the possible ways that we can be victorious and set ourselves free from this psychological slavery.

Bi Canadian Tire

CASE SYNOPSIS The IT group at Canadian Tire Corporation (CTC), located at the headquarters of a network of five major business groups, is faced with developing an implementation plan for the development of a business intelligence (BI) infrastructure and business capability at Canadian Tire Retail (CTR). Concurrent to this initiative is the development and implementation of an IT strategy for CTC that places a number of programs on the priority list, with BI seen as a high priority item for which the organization can score some â€Å"quick win† business success.CTR is a major Canadian retailer of automotive, sports and leisure, and home products. CTR business analysts have had the benefit of working with an information warehouse for the past nine years. However, numerous technological, organizational and people challenges associated with the information warehouse have lead to the realization that a complete redesign of the information warehouse is required. Students are require d to analyse the business context of the BI initiative and identify the major challenges that will be associated with its development and implementation over the next 2. years. They will then develop an implementation plan that accounts for these challenges and ensures that CTC will be able to realize the full business value of these investments. Suggested  Questions 1. What is BI and how can it help Canadian Tire? In the case there are 10 common challenges of BI implementations, which of these would you rate as most important for Eubanks and Wnek at CTC, and why? How would you address them? 2. To what degree do you think CTC/CTR’s organizational structure influences the business intelligence initiative?Specifically, what challenges will the shadow IT groups raise for the implementation of the BI strategy? Is this important? Why or why not? 3. Compare the exhibits that depict the current versus the future desired BI infrastructure. What challenges exist for the implementati on of the BI initiative? 4. Given your analysis, develop an implementation plan to project completion. This plan must lay out the priorities and address the major challenges you have identified.

Causal Determinism

Philosophy Mini Paper 1 Causal determinism claims that our past, initial conditions are deterministicly conditioned by natural laws. Causal determinism deals with conditional predictability, which says that if I know all of my past/present material conditions and natural laws, then I can know my future causal path. Since we always base our choices on our highest desire, we can easily predict what choices one is going to make. It seems very plausible for casual determinism to be true. With causal determinism on one end of the spectrum, and existentialism on the opposite end, we have two conflicting philosophies of romance vs logic. It seems only logical for us to assume that indeed, we base our decisions based upon what we deeply, truly desire the most. The notion that we lack the capacity of free will, though, is daunting. To think that we have no control over our lives is really rather terrifying, so it becomes very apparent why someone would want to reject these theories. Causal determinism hasn't necessarily affected my views of life dramatically, but it helps keep everything into a conscious perspective. To live a meaningful life it's important to live consciously, that is to say, to escape the hypnotizing effects of living life monotonously. I believe that in order to accomplish a lucid life, it's important to retain existentialist aspects in daily life. To live life on a path without the sense of freedom seems like it would be similar to those nightmares we have in which we know the horrors that are about to happen, but can do nothing to prevent it. To live a robotic life is too easy. To throw everything into the wind and say that we have no control over our lives is too easy. To say humanity has an inability to control itself is far too pessimistic and a twisted way to live one's life. It's empowering to believe in one's ability to make something of their life, to truly live life spiritually. I don't feel that causal determinism should impacts one's views on moral responsibility drastically. To think that whatever is going to happen will happen anyway, and to avoid morality, is definitely a flawed way of thinking. Because of our desire to live in a morally praiseworthy fashion, we may let moral values influence the decisions we make. We should not simply disregard everything happening in our surroundings because we think we have no control. As far as friendship goes, yes, we typically befriend those that are like-minded in some regard or another. This isn't a new or unusual concept, this notion is widely known. There are countless psychological factors that are at work with the ongoing process of friend-making. Causal determinism doesn't change what is already known about making friends. Love is one of the most confusing of human emotions. To say that there is a soul mate for each person would be agreeing with causal determinism. It seems, in an odd sense, too romantic for the theory, but they're one in the same regardless. Some believe in soul mates, that there is one person each is destined to belong with. It would make sense for a causal determinist to believe in the idea of a soul mate. Causal determinism feels far too depressing to follow religiously in a day-to-day lifestyle. While the theory may be a logically correct way to look at life, it seems to strongly strip away what it means to live as a conscious human. Sure it's important to keep a balance of logic and romance in the way one lives their life, but it seems like following causal determinism may be tipping this scale too far to one side.

Carolus Linnaeus - An Evolution Biography

Carolus Linnaeus - An Evolution Biography Early Life and Education Born May 23, 1707 - Died January 10, 1778 Carl Nilsson Linnaeus (Latin pen name: Carolus Linnaeus) was born on May 23, 1707 in Smaland, Sweden. He was the first born to Christina Brodersonia and Nils Ingemarsson Linnaeus. His father was a Lutheran minister and his mother was the daughter of the rector of Stenbrohult. In his spare time, Nils Linnaeus spent time gardening and teaching Carl about plants. Early Life and Education Carls father taught him Latin and geography at a very young age in an effort to groom him to take over the priesthood when Nils retired. Carl spent two years being tutored but disliked the man chosen to teach him and then went on to the Lower Grammar School in Vaxjo. He finished there at the age of 15 and continued on to the Vaxjo Gymnasium. Instead of studying, Carl spent his time looking at plants and Nils was disappointed to learn he would not make it as a scholarly priest. Instead, he went off to study medicine at Lund University where he enrolled with his Latin name, Carolus Linnaeus. In 1728, Carl transferred to Uppsala University where he could study botany along with medicine. Linnaeus wrote his thesis on plant sexuality, which earned him a spot as a lecturer at the college. He spent most of his young life traveling and discovering new species of plants and useful minerals. His first expedition in 1732 was funded from a grant provided by Uppsala University that allowed him to research plants in Lapland. His six-month trip resulted in over 100 new species of plants. His traveling continued in 1734 when Carl took a trip to Dalarna and then again in 1735 he went to the Netherlands to pursue a doctorate degree. He earned the doctorate in only two weeks time and returned to Uppsala. Professional Achievements in Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus is best known for his innovative classification system called taxonomy. He published Systema Naturae in 1735, in which he outlined his way of classifying plants. The classification system was primarily based on his expertise of plant sexuality, but it was met with mixed reviews from traditional botanists of the time. Linnaeus desire to have a universal naming system for living things led him to the use of binomial nomenclature to organize the botanical collection at Uppsala University. He renamed many plants and animals in the two-word Latin system to make scientific names shorter and more accurate. His Systema Naturae went through many revisions over time and came to include all living things. In the beginning of Linnaeus career, he thought species were permanent and unchangeable, as was taught to him by his religious father. However, the more he studied and classified plants, he began to see the changes of species through hybridization. Eventually, he admitted that speciation did occur and a sort of directed evolution was possible. However, he believed whatever changes that were made were part of a divine plan and not by chance. Personal Life In 1738, Carl became engaged to Sara Elisabeth Moraea. He did not have enough money to marry her right away, so he moved to Stockholm to become a physician. A year later when finances were in order, they married and soon Carl became a professor of medicine at Uppsala University. He would later switch to teach botany and natural history instead. Carl and Sara Elisabeth ended up having a total of two sons and 5 daughters, one of whom died in infancy. Linnaeus love of botany led him to buy several farms in the area over time where he would go to escape the city life every chance he got. His later years were filled with illness, and after two strokes, Carl Linnaeus died on January 10, 1778.